class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide .title[ # Язык R и его применение в биоинформатике ] .author[ ### Анастасия Жарикова ] .date[ ### 09.09.2022 ] --- <style> html { padding: unset;} body { padding: unset;} </style> # Markdown В RStudio: File -> New File -> R Markdown -> пример документа Запускается целиком, сразу видны ошибки и проблемы Фрагменты кода записывают в “chunk”: <img src="data:image/png;base64,#img/chunk.png" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> Переменные и функции, инициализированные в одном chunk, будут работать во всем документе --- # Markdown <img src="data:image/png;base64,#img/markdown.PNG" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> --- # Markdown В случае ошибки в коде итоговый документ не будет создан, появится сообщение об ошибке <img src="data:image/png;base64,#img/error.PNG" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" /> Читаем ошибку - исправляем - перезапускаем --- # Markdown <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/index.html https://www.rstudio.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/rmarkdown-reference.pdf ## Домашние задания: - делаем в markdown (file.Rmd) - сохраняем в file.html (или file.pdf) - прикрепляем в форму --- count: false # Вектор - данные одного типа .panel1-vec33-user[ ```r *x <- c(T,F,F,T) *typeof(x) ``` ] .panel2-vec33-user[ ``` [1] "logical" ``` ] --- count: false # Вектор - данные одного типа .panel1-vec33-user[ ```r x <- c(T,F,F,T) typeof(x) *x <- c(0.5, 1.2, 3.6) *typeof(x) ``` ] .panel2-vec33-user[ ``` [1] "logical" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ] --- count: false # Вектор - данные одного типа .panel1-vec33-user[ ```r x <- c(T,F,F,T) typeof(x) x <- c(0.5, 1.2, 3.6) typeof(x) *x <- 1:5 *typeof(x) ``` ] .panel2-vec33-user[ ``` [1] "logical" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] "integer" ``` ] --- count: false # Вектор - данные одного типа .panel1-vec33-user[ ```r x <- c(T,F,F,T) typeof(x) x <- c(0.5, 1.2, 3.6) typeof(x) x <- 1:5 typeof(x) *x <- c('a','b','c') *typeof(x) ``` ] .panel2-vec33-user[ ``` [1] "logical" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] "integer" ``` ``` [1] "character" ``` ] --- count: false # Вектор - данные одного типа .panel1-vec33-user[ ```r x <- c(T,F,F,T) typeof(x) x <- c(0.5, 1.2, 3.6) typeof(x) x <- 1:5 typeof(x) x <- c('a','b','c') typeof(x) *x <- c(F,1,2,T) *typeof(x) ``` ] .panel2-vec33-user[ ``` [1] "logical" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] "integer" ``` ``` [1] "character" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ] --- count: false # Вектор - данные одного типа .panel1-vec33-user[ ```r x <- c(T,F,F,T) typeof(x) x <- c(0.5, 1.2, 3.6) typeof(x) x <- 1:5 typeof(x) x <- c('a','b','c') typeof(x) x <- c(F,1,2,T) typeof(x) *x ``` ] .panel2-vec33-user[ ``` [1] "logical" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] "integer" ``` ``` [1] "character" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] 0 1 2 1 ``` ] --- count: false # Вектор - данные одного типа .panel1-vec33-user[ ```r x <- c(T,F,F,T) typeof(x) x <- c(0.5, 1.2, 3.6) typeof(x) x <- 1:5 typeof(x) x <- c('a','b','c') typeof(x) x <- c(F,1,2,T) typeof(x) x *x <- c(1,2.8) *typeof(x) ``` ] .panel2-vec33-user[ ``` [1] "logical" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] "integer" ``` ``` [1] "character" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] 0 1 2 1 ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ] --- count: false # Вектор - данные одного типа .panel1-vec33-user[ ```r x <- c(T,F,F,T) typeof(x) x <- c(0.5, 1.2, 3.6) typeof(x) x <- 1:5 typeof(x) x <- c('a','b','c') typeof(x) x <- c(F,1,2,T) typeof(x) x x <- c(1,2.8) typeof(x) *x ``` ] .panel2-vec33-user[ ``` [1] "logical" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] "integer" ``` ``` [1] "character" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] 0 1 2 1 ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] 1.0 2.8 ``` ] --- count: false # Вектор - данные одного типа .panel1-vec33-user[ ```r x <- c(T,F,F,T) typeof(x) x <- c(0.5, 1.2, 3.6) typeof(x) x <- 1:5 typeof(x) x <- c('a','b','c') typeof(x) x <- c(F,1,2,T) typeof(x) x x <- c(1,2.8) typeof(x) x *x <- c(1,'a',F,5.5) *typeof(x) ``` ] .panel2-vec33-user[ ``` [1] "logical" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] "integer" ``` ``` [1] "character" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] 0 1 2 1 ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] 1.0 2.8 ``` ``` [1] "character" ``` ] --- count: false # Вектор - данные одного типа .panel1-vec33-user[ ```r x <- c(T,F,F,T) typeof(x) x <- c(0.5, 1.2, 3.6) typeof(x) x <- 1:5 typeof(x) x <- c('a','b','c') typeof(x) x <- c(F,1,2,T) typeof(x) x x <- c(1,2.8) typeof(x) x x <- c(1,'a',F,5.5) typeof(x) *x ``` ] .panel2-vec33-user[ ``` [1] "logical" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] "integer" ``` ``` [1] "character" ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] 0 1 2 1 ``` ``` [1] "double" ``` ``` [1] 1.0 2.8 ``` ``` [1] "character" ``` ``` [1] "1" "a" "FALSE" "5.5" ``` ] <style> .panel1-vec33-user { color: black; width: 38.6060606060606%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel2-vec33-user { color: black; width: 59.3939393939394%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel3-vec33-user { color: black; width: NA%; hight: 33%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } </style> --- count: false # Срезы: по индексам .panel1-vec4-user[ ```r *x <- c(5,16,8,32,56,2) *x ``` ] .panel2-vec4-user[ ``` [1] 5 16 8 32 56 2 ``` ] --- count: false # Срезы: по индексам .panel1-vec4-user[ ```r x <- c(5,16,8,32,56,2) x *x[1] ``` ] .panel2-vec4-user[ ``` [1] 5 16 8 32 56 2 ``` ``` [1] 5 ``` ] --- count: false # Срезы: по индексам .panel1-vec4-user[ ```r x <- c(5,16,8,32,56,2) x x[1] *x[2:4] ``` ] .panel2-vec4-user[ ``` [1] 5 16 8 32 56 2 ``` ``` [1] 5 ``` ``` [1] 16 8 32 ``` ] --- count: false # Срезы: по индексам .panel1-vec4-user[ ```r x <- c(5,16,8,32,56,2) x x[1] x[2:4] *x[c(2,5)] ``` ] .panel2-vec4-user[ ``` [1] 5 16 8 32 56 2 ``` ``` [1] 5 ``` ``` [1] 16 8 32 ``` ``` [1] 16 56 ``` ] --- count: false # Срезы: по индексам .panel1-vec4-user[ ```r x <- c(5,16,8,32,56,2) x x[1] x[2:4] x[c(2,5)] *x[-1] ``` ] .panel2-vec4-user[ ``` [1] 5 16 8 32 56 2 ``` ``` [1] 5 ``` ``` [1] 16 8 32 ``` ``` [1] 16 56 ``` ``` [1] 16 8 32 56 2 ``` ] --- count: false # Срезы: по индексам .panel1-vec4-user[ ```r x <- c(5,16,8,32,56,2) x x[1] x[2:4] x[c(2,5)] x[-1] *x > 10 ``` ] .panel2-vec4-user[ ``` [1] 5 16 8 32 56 2 ``` ``` [1] 5 ``` ``` [1] 16 8 32 ``` ``` [1] 16 56 ``` ``` [1] 16 8 32 56 2 ``` ``` [1] FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE ``` ] --- count: false # Срезы: по индексам .panel1-vec4-user[ ```r x <- c(5,16,8,32,56,2) x x[1] x[2:4] x[c(2,5)] x[-1] x > 10 *x[x > 10] ``` ] .panel2-vec4-user[ ``` [1] 5 16 8 32 56 2 ``` ``` [1] 5 ``` ``` [1] 16 8 32 ``` ``` [1] 16 56 ``` ``` [1] 16 8 32 56 2 ``` ``` [1] FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE ``` ``` [1] 16 32 56 ``` ] --- count: false # Срезы: по индексам .panel1-vec4-user[ ```r x <- c(5,16,8,32,56,2) x x[1] x[2:4] x[c(2,5)] x[-1] x > 10 x[x > 10] *x[x >= 5 & x < 10] ``` ] .panel2-vec4-user[ ``` [1] 5 16 8 32 56 2 ``` ``` [1] 5 ``` ``` [1] 16 8 32 ``` ``` [1] 16 56 ``` ``` [1] 16 8 32 56 2 ``` ``` [1] FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE ``` ``` [1] 16 32 56 ``` ``` [1] 5 8 ``` ] <style> .panel1-vec4-user { color: black; width: 38.6060606060606%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel2-vec4-user { color: black; width: 59.3939393939394%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel3-vec4-user { color: black; width: NA%; hight: 33%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } </style> <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> --- --- count: false # Data frame .panel1-vec6-user[ ```r *a <- c(5,4,8) *b <- c('a','b','c') *h <- c(T,F,T) *g <- c(1.5,2.5,3.7) ``` ] .panel2-vec6-user[ ] --- count: false # Data frame .panel1-vec6-user[ ```r a <- c(5,4,8) b <- c('a','b','c') h <- c(T,F,T) g <- c(1.5,2.5,3.7) *df <- data.frame(a,b,h) ``` ] .panel2-vec6-user[ ] --- count: false # Data frame .panel1-vec6-user[ ```r a <- c(5,4,8) b <- c('a','b','c') h <- c(T,F,T) g <- c(1.5,2.5,3.7) df <- data.frame(a,b,h) *df ``` ] .panel2-vec6-user[ ``` a b h 1 5 a TRUE 2 4 b FALSE 3 8 c TRUE ``` ] --- count: false # Data frame .panel1-vec6-user[ ```r a <- c(5,4,8) b <- c('a','b','c') h <- c(T,F,T) g <- c(1.5,2.5,3.7) df <- data.frame(a,b,h) df *df <- data.frame(a = c(5,4,8), * b = c('a','b','c'), * h = c(T,F,T), * g = c(1.5,2.5,3.7)) *df ``` ] .panel2-vec6-user[ ``` a b h 1 5 a TRUE 2 4 b FALSE 3 8 c TRUE ``` ``` a b h g 1 5 a TRUE 1.5 2 4 b FALSE 2.5 3 8 c TRUE 3.7 ``` ] --- count: false # Data frame .panel1-vec6-user[ ```r a <- c(5,4,8) b <- c('a','b','c') h <- c(T,F,T) g <- c(1.5,2.5,3.7) df <- data.frame(a,b,h) df df <- data.frame(a = c(5,4,8), b = c('a','b','c'), h = c(T,F,T), g = c(1.5,2.5,3.7)) df *str(df) ``` ] .panel2-vec6-user[ ``` a b h 1 5 a TRUE 2 4 b FALSE 3 8 c TRUE ``` ``` a b h g 1 5 a TRUE 1.5 2 4 b FALSE 2.5 3 8 c TRUE 3.7 ``` ``` 'data.frame': 3 obs. of 4 variables: $ a: num 5 4 8 $ b: chr "a" "b" "c" $ h: logi TRUE FALSE TRUE $ g: num 1.5 2.5 3.7 ``` ] --- count: false # Data frame .panel1-vec6-user[ ```r a <- c(5,4,8) b <- c('a','b','c') h <- c(T,F,T) g <- c(1.5,2.5,3.7) df <- data.frame(a,b,h) df df <- data.frame(a = c(5,4,8), b = c('a','b','c'), h = c(T,F,T), g = c(1.5,2.5,3.7)) df str(df) *dim(df) ``` ] .panel2-vec6-user[ ``` a b h 1 5 a TRUE 2 4 b FALSE 3 8 c TRUE ``` ``` a b h g 1 5 a TRUE 1.5 2 4 b FALSE 2.5 3 8 c TRUE 3.7 ``` ``` 'data.frame': 3 obs. of 4 variables: $ a: num 5 4 8 $ b: chr "a" "b" "c" $ h: logi TRUE FALSE TRUE $ g: num 1.5 2.5 3.7 ``` ``` [1] 3 4 ``` ] --- count: false # Data frame .panel1-vec6-user[ ```r a <- c(5,4,8) b <- c('a','b','c') h <- c(T,F,T) g <- c(1.5,2.5,3.7) df <- data.frame(a,b,h) df df <- data.frame(a = c(5,4,8), b = c('a','b','c'), h = c(T,F,T), g = c(1.5,2.5,3.7)) df str(df) dim(df) *colnames(df) ``` ] .panel2-vec6-user[ ``` a b h 1 5 a TRUE 2 4 b FALSE 3 8 c TRUE ``` ``` a b h g 1 5 a TRUE 1.5 2 4 b FALSE 2.5 3 8 c TRUE 3.7 ``` ``` 'data.frame': 3 obs. of 4 variables: $ a: num 5 4 8 $ b: chr "a" "b" "c" $ h: logi TRUE FALSE TRUE $ g: num 1.5 2.5 3.7 ``` ``` [1] 3 4 ``` ``` [1] "a" "b" "h" "g" ``` ] --- count: false # Data frame .panel1-vec6-user[ ```r a <- c(5,4,8) b <- c('a','b','c') h <- c(T,F,T) g <- c(1.5,2.5,3.7) df <- data.frame(a,b,h) df df <- data.frame(a = c(5,4,8), b = c('a','b','c'), h = c(T,F,T), g = c(1.5,2.5,3.7)) df str(df) dim(df) colnames(df) *rownames(df) ``` ] .panel2-vec6-user[ ``` a b h 1 5 a TRUE 2 4 b FALSE 3 8 c TRUE ``` ``` a b h g 1 5 a TRUE 1.5 2 4 b FALSE 2.5 3 8 c TRUE 3.7 ``` ``` 'data.frame': 3 obs. of 4 variables: $ a: num 5 4 8 $ b: chr "a" "b" "c" $ h: logi TRUE FALSE TRUE $ g: num 1.5 2.5 3.7 ``` ``` [1] 3 4 ``` ``` [1] "a" "b" "h" "g" ``` ``` [1] "1" "2" "3" ``` ] --- count: false # Data frame .panel1-vec6-user[ ```r a <- c(5,4,8) b <- c('a','b','c') h <- c(T,F,T) g <- c(1.5,2.5,3.7) df <- data.frame(a,b,h) df df <- data.frame(a = c(5,4,8), b = c('a','b','c'), h = c(T,F,T), g = c(1.5,2.5,3.7)) df str(df) dim(df) colnames(df) rownames(df) *head(df) ``` ] .panel2-vec6-user[ ``` a b h 1 5 a TRUE 2 4 b FALSE 3 8 c TRUE ``` ``` a b h g 1 5 a TRUE 1.5 2 4 b FALSE 2.5 3 8 c TRUE 3.7 ``` ``` 'data.frame': 3 obs. of 4 variables: $ a: num 5 4 8 $ b: chr "a" "b" "c" $ h: logi TRUE FALSE TRUE $ g: num 1.5 2.5 3.7 ``` ``` [1] 3 4 ``` ``` [1] "a" "b" "h" "g" ``` ``` [1] "1" "2" "3" ``` ``` a b h g 1 5 a TRUE 1.5 2 4 b FALSE 2.5 3 8 c TRUE 3.7 ``` ] <style> .panel1-vec6-user { color: black; width: 38.6060606060606%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel2-vec6-user { color: black; width: 59.3939393939394%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel3-vec6-user { color: black; width: NA%; hight: 33%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } </style> Сколько строк? Сколько столбцов? <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> --- # Встроенные наборы данных data() ?mtcars --- # mtcars <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r head(mtcars,4) ``` ``` mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1 Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 ``` ```r str(mtcars) ``` ``` 'data.frame': 32 obs. of 11 variables: $ mpg : num 21 21 22.8 21.4 18.7 18.1 14.3 24.4 22.8 19.2 ... $ cyl : num 6 6 4 6 8 6 8 4 4 6 ... $ disp: num 160 160 108 258 360 ... $ hp : num 110 110 93 110 175 105 245 62 95 123 ... $ drat: num 3.9 3.9 3.85 3.08 3.15 2.76 3.21 3.69 3.92 3.92 ... $ wt : num 2.62 2.88 2.32 3.21 3.44 ... $ qsec: num 16.5 17 18.6 19.4 17 ... $ vs : num 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 ... $ am : num 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... $ gear: num 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 ... $ carb: num 4 4 1 1 2 1 4 2 2 4 ... ``` --- # mtcars <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r colnames(mtcars) ``` ``` [1] "mpg" "cyl" "disp" "hp" "drat" "wt" "qsec" "vs" "am" "gear" [11] "carb" ``` ```r table(mtcars$cyl) ``` ``` 4 6 8 11 7 14 ``` --- # Data frame - Срезы <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r dim(mtcars) ``` ``` [1] 32 11 ``` ```r head(mtcars,4) ``` ``` mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1 Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 ``` ```r mtcars[3,6] ``` ``` [1] 2.32 ``` --- # Data frame - Срезы <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r mtcars[8,] ``` ``` mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.19 20 1 0 4 2 ``` ```r mtcars[1:3,] ``` ``` mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1 ``` ```r mtcars['Mazda RX4',c('mpg','cyl')] ``` ``` mpg cyl Mazda RX4 21 6 ``` --- # Data frame - Выбор данных по условию <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r mtcars[mtcars$cyl > 4 & mtcars$cyl < 8,] ``` ``` mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4 Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1 Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30 1 0 4 4 Merc 280C 17.8 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.90 1 0 4 4 Ferrari Dino 19.7 6 145.0 175 3.62 2.770 15.50 0 1 5 6 ``` --- count: false # Data frame - Выбор данных по условию .panel1-vec7-user[ ```r *table(mtcars$cyl) ``` ] .panel2-vec7-user[ ``` 4 6 8 11 7 14 ``` ] --- count: false # Data frame - Выбор данных по условию .panel1-vec7-user[ ```r table(mtcars$cyl) *vec <- c(4,8) *vec ``` ] .panel2-vec7-user[ ``` 4 6 8 11 7 14 ``` ``` [1] 4 8 ``` ] --- count: false # Data frame - Выбор данных по условию .panel1-vec7-user[ ```r table(mtcars$cyl) vec <- c(4,8) vec *mt <- mtcars[mtcars$cyl %in% vec,] *table(mt$cyl) ``` ] .panel2-vec7-user[ ``` 4 6 8 11 7 14 ``` ``` [1] 4 8 ``` ``` 4 8 11 14 ``` ] --- count: false # Data frame - Выбор данных по условию .panel1-vec7-user[ ```r table(mtcars$cyl) vec <- c(4,8) vec mt <- mtcars[mtcars$cyl %in% vec,] table(mt$cyl) *mt <- mtcars[!(mtcars$cyl %in% vec),] *table(mt$cyl) ``` ] .panel2-vec7-user[ ``` 4 6 8 11 7 14 ``` ``` [1] 4 8 ``` ``` 4 8 11 14 ``` ``` 6 7 ``` ] <style> .panel1-vec7-user { color: black; width: 38.6060606060606%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel2-vec7-user { color: black; width: 59.3939393939394%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel3-vec7-user { color: black; width: NA%; hight: 33%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } </style> <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> --- count: false # Пример Создайте вектор х, содержащий цифры от 1 до 5 включительно. Возведите элементы вектора х в квадрат. Посчитайте сумму элементов получившегося вектора. .panel1-vec-user[ ] .panel2-vec-user[ ] --- count: false # Пример Создайте вектор х, содержащий цифры от 1 до 5 включительно. Возведите элементы вектора х в квадрат. Посчитайте сумму элементов получившегося вектора. .panel1-vec-user[ ```r *x <- 1:5 *x ``` ] .panel2-vec-user[ ``` [1] 1 2 3 4 5 ``` ] --- count: false # Пример Создайте вектор х, содержащий цифры от 1 до 5 включительно. Возведите элементы вектора х в квадрат. Посчитайте сумму элементов получившегося вектора. .panel1-vec-user[ ```r x <- 1:5 x *x^2 ``` ] .panel2-vec-user[ ``` [1] 1 2 3 4 5 ``` ``` [1] 1 4 9 16 25 ``` ] --- count: false # Пример Создайте вектор х, содержащий цифры от 1 до 5 включительно. Возведите элементы вектора х в квадрат. Посчитайте сумму элементов получившегося вектора. .panel1-vec-user[ ```r x <- 1:5 x x^2 *sum(x^2) ``` ] .panel2-vec-user[ ``` [1] 1 2 3 4 5 ``` ``` [1] 1 4 9 16 25 ``` ``` [1] 55 ``` ] --- count: false # Пример Создайте вектор х, содержащий цифры от 1 до 5 включительно. Возведите элементы вектора х в квадрат. Посчитайте сумму элементов получившегося вектора. .panel1-vec-user[ ```r x <- 1:5 x x^2 sum(x^2) *y=x^2 *sum(y) ``` ] .panel2-vec-user[ ``` [1] 1 2 3 4 5 ``` ``` [1] 1 4 9 16 25 ``` ``` [1] 55 ``` ``` [1] 55 ``` ] <style> .panel1-vec-user { color: black; width: 38.6060606060606%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel2-vec-user { color: black; width: 59.3939393939394%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel3-vec-user { color: black; width: NA%; hight: 33%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } </style> <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> Не забывайте результат ваших манипуляций положить в переменную, если это нужно! --- count: false # which .panel1-vec23-user[ ```r *mtcars[1:3,1:3] ``` ] .panel2-vec23-user[ ``` mpg cyl disp Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 ``` ] --- count: false # which .panel1-vec23-user[ ```r mtcars[1:3,1:3] *which(mtcars$mpg == 21) ``` ] .panel2-vec23-user[ ``` mpg cyl disp Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 ``` ``` [1] 1 2 ``` ] --- count: false # which .panel1-vec23-user[ ```r mtcars[1:3,1:3] which(mtcars$mpg == 21) *which(colnames(mtcars) == 'disp') ``` ] .panel2-vec23-user[ ``` mpg cyl disp Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 ``` ``` [1] 1 2 ``` ``` [1] 3 ``` ] --- count: false # which .panel1-vec23-user[ ```r mtcars[1:3,1:3] which(mtcars$mpg == 21) which(colnames(mtcars) == 'disp') *which.min(mtcars$qsec) ``` ] .panel2-vec23-user[ ``` mpg cyl disp Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 ``` ``` [1] 1 2 ``` ``` [1] 3 ``` ``` [1] 29 ``` ] --- count: false # which .panel1-vec23-user[ ```r mtcars[1:3,1:3] which(mtcars$mpg == 21) which(colnames(mtcars) == 'disp') which.min(mtcars$qsec) *which.max(mtcars$qsec) ``` ] .panel2-vec23-user[ ``` mpg cyl disp Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 ``` ``` [1] 1 2 ``` ``` [1] 3 ``` ``` [1] 29 ``` ``` [1] 9 ``` ] --- count: false # which .panel1-vec23-user[ ```r mtcars[1:3,1:3] which(mtcars$mpg == 21) which(colnames(mtcars) == 'disp') which.min(mtcars$qsec) which.max(mtcars$qsec) ``` ] .panel2-vec23-user[ ``` mpg cyl disp Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 ``` ``` [1] 1 2 ``` ``` [1] 3 ``` ``` [1] 29 ``` ``` [1] 9 ``` ] <style> .panel1-vec23-user { color: black; width: 38.6060606060606%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel2-vec23-user { color: black; width: 59.3939393939394%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel3-vec23-user { color: black; width: NA%; hight: 33%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } </style> --- # Сортировка <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:red;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r mtcars[order(mtcars$qsec),] ``` ``` mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Ford Pantera L 15.8 8 351.0 264 4.22 3.170 14.50 0 1 5 4 Maserati Bora 15.0 8 301.0 335 3.54 3.570 14.60 0 1 5 8 Camaro Z28 13.3 8 350.0 245 3.73 3.840 15.41 0 0 3 4 Ferrari Dino 19.7 6 145.0 175 3.62 2.770 15.50 0 1 5 6 Duster 360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0 0 3 4 Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4 Porsche 914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2 Dodge Challenger 15.5 8 318.0 150 2.76 3.520 16.87 0 0 3 2 Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4 Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2 Pontiac Firebird 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2 AMC Javelin 15.2 8 304.0 150 3.15 3.435 17.30 0 0 3 2 Merc 450SE 16.4 8 275.8 180 3.07 4.070 17.40 0 0 3 3 Chrysler Imperial 14.7 8 440.0 230 3.23 5.345 17.42 0 0 3 4 Merc 450SL 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60 0 0 3 3 Lincoln Continental 10.4 8 460.0 215 3.00 5.424 17.82 0 0 3 4 Cadillac Fleetwood 10.4 8 472.0 205 2.93 5.250 17.98 0 0 3 4 Merc 450SLC 15.2 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.780 18.00 0 0 3 3 Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30 1 0 4 4 Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 Volvo 142E 21.4 4 121.0 109 4.11 2.780 18.60 1 1 4 2 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1 Merc 280C 17.8 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.90 1 0 4 4 Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1 Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00 1 0 4 2 Toyota Corona 21.5 4 120.1 97 3.70 2.465 20.01 1 0 3 1 Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1 Merc 230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.150 22.90 1 0 4 2 ``` --- # Округление <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:red;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r x <- c(1,3,5,9,2,3) mean(x) ``` ``` [1] 3.833333 ``` ```r round(mean(x),3) ``` ``` [1] 3.833 ``` ```r round(mean(x),1) ``` ``` [1] 3.8 ``` Не нужно указывать много знаков после запятой, если это не несет глубокого смысла --- # Работа с переменными <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:red;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r ls() ``` ``` [1] "a" "b" "df" "g" "h" "mt" "vec" "x" "y" ``` ```r rm(list=ls()) ls() ``` ``` character(0) ``` --- # Сохранение данных <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r write.table(mtcars,file='mtnew.tab',quote=T,col.names = T,row.names=T,sep='\t') write.csv(mtcars,file='mtnew.csv') save(mtcars,file='mtnew.RData') ``` --- # Чтение данных <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r mt <- read.table('mtnew.tab',sep='\t',header=T) head(mt) ``` ``` mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1 Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2 Valiant 18.1 6 225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1 ``` --- # Чтение данных <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r mt <- read.table('mtnew.tab',skip=2) head(mt) ``` ``` V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 V11 V12 1 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4 2 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1 3 Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 4 Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2 5 Valiant 18.1 6 225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1 6 Duster 360 14.3 8 360 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0 0 3 4 ``` --- # Чтение данных <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r mt <- read.table('mtnew.tab',skip=2, header=T) head(mt) ``` ``` Mazda.RX4.Wag X21 X6 X160 X110 X3.9 X2.875 X17.02 X0 X1 X4 X4.1 1 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1 2 Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 3 Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2 4 Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1 5 Duster 360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0 0 3 4 6 Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00 1 0 4 2 ``` --- # RData <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r rm(list=ls()) ls() ``` ``` character(0) ``` ```r load('mtnew.RData') ls() ``` ``` [1] "mtcars" ``` --- count: false # Данные о качестве воздуха .panel1-vec32-user[ ```r *head(airquality) ``` ] .panel2-vec32-user[ ``` Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day 1 41 190 7.4 67 5 1 2 36 118 8.0 72 5 2 3 12 149 12.6 74 5 3 4 18 313 11.5 62 5 4 5 NA NA 14.3 56 5 5 6 28 NA 14.9 66 5 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Данные о качестве воздуха .panel1-vec32-user[ ```r head(airquality) *dim(airquality) ``` ] .panel2-vec32-user[ ``` Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day 1 41 190 7.4 67 5 1 2 36 118 8.0 72 5 2 3 12 149 12.6 74 5 3 4 18 313 11.5 62 5 4 5 NA NA 14.3 56 5 5 6 28 NA 14.9 66 5 6 ``` ``` [1] 153 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Данные о качестве воздуха .panel1-vec32-user[ ```r head(airquality) dim(airquality) *mean(airquality$Ozone) ``` ] .panel2-vec32-user[ ``` Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day 1 41 190 7.4 67 5 1 2 36 118 8.0 72 5 2 3 12 149 12.6 74 5 3 4 18 313 11.5 62 5 4 5 NA NA 14.3 56 5 5 6 28 NA 14.9 66 5 6 ``` ``` [1] 153 6 ``` ``` [1] NA ``` ] <style> .panel1-vec32-user { color: black; width: 38.6060606060606%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel2-vec32-user { color: black; width: 59.3939393939394%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel3-vec32-user { color: black; width: NA%; hight: 33%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } </style> В чем проблема? --- # Работа с отсутствующими данными <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> - NA - пропущенное значение: is.na() - NaN - результат недопустимой арифметической операции: is.nan() - NULL - отсутствие субъекта: is.null() --- # Работа с отсутствующими данными - Не учитывать отсутствующие данные ```r mean(airquality$Ozone, na.rm = T) ``` ``` [1] 42.12931 ``` --- count: false # Работа с отсутствующими данными Удалить строки с отсутствующими данными Удаляется ВСЯ строка! .panel1-vec55-user[ ```r *dim(airquality) *air <- na.omit(airquality) ``` ] .panel2-vec55-user[ ``` [1] 153 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Работа с отсутствующими данными Удалить строки с отсутствующими данными Удаляется ВСЯ строка! .panel1-vec55-user[ ```r dim(airquality) air <- na.omit(airquality) *dim(air) ``` ] .panel2-vec55-user[ ``` [1] 153 6 ``` ``` [1] 111 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Работа с отсутствующими данными Удалить строки с отсутствующими данными Удаляется ВСЯ строка! .panel1-vec55-user[ ```r dim(airquality) air <- na.omit(airquality) dim(air) *mean(air$Ozone) ``` ] .panel2-vec55-user[ ``` [1] 153 6 ``` ``` [1] 111 6 ``` ``` [1] 42.0991 ``` ] --- count: false # Работа с отсутствующими данными Удалить строки с отсутствующими данными Удаляется ВСЯ строка! .panel1-vec55-user[ ```r dim(airquality) air <- na.omit(airquality) dim(air) mean(air$Ozone) *mean(airquality$Ozone, na.rm = T) ``` ] .panel2-vec55-user[ ``` [1] 153 6 ``` ``` [1] 111 6 ``` ``` [1] 42.0991 ``` ``` [1] 42.12931 ``` ] <style> .panel1-vec55-user { color: black; width: 38.6060606060606%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel2-vec55-user { color: black; width: 59.3939393939394%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel3-vec55-user { color: black; width: NA%; hight: 33%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } </style> --- count: false # Работа с отсутствующими данными .panel1-vec65-user[ ```r *air <- head(airquality,10) *is.na(air$Ozone) ``` ] .panel2-vec65-user[ ``` [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE ``` ] --- count: false # Работа с отсутствующими данными .panel1-vec65-user[ ```r air <- head(airquality,10) is.na(air$Ozone) *sum(is.na(air$Ozone)) ``` ] .panel2-vec65-user[ ``` [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE ``` ``` [1] 2 ``` ] --- count: false # Работа с отсутствующими данными .panel1-vec65-user[ ```r air <- head(airquality,10) is.na(air$Ozone) sum(is.na(air$Ozone)) *which(is.na(air$Ozone)) ``` ] .panel2-vec65-user[ ``` [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE ``` ``` [1] 2 ``` ``` [1] 5 10 ``` ] --- count: false # Работа с отсутствующими данными .panel1-vec65-user[ ```r air <- head(airquality,10) is.na(air$Ozone) sum(is.na(air$Ozone)) which(is.na(air$Ozone)) *anyNA(air$Ozone) ``` ] .panel2-vec65-user[ ``` [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE ``` ``` [1] 2 ``` ``` [1] 5 10 ``` ``` [1] TRUE ``` ] <style> .panel1-vec65-user { color: black; width: 38.6060606060606%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel2-vec65-user { color: black; width: 59.3939393939394%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel3-vec65-user { color: black; width: NA%; hight: 33%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } </style> --- # NaN <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r 0/0 ``` ``` [1] NaN ``` --- # Удаление столбцов <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> ```r head(air,3) ``` ``` Ozone Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day 1 41 190 7.4 67 5 1 2 36 118 8.0 72 5 2 3 12 149 12.6 74 5 3 ``` ```r air$Ozone = NULL head(air,3) ``` ``` Solar.R Wind Temp Month Day 1 190 7.4 67 5 1 2 118 8.0 72 5 2 3 149 12.6 74 5 3 ``` --- # Факторы ```r df <- data.frame(a = c(5,4,8,5,7,2), b = c('a','b','c','a','a','c'), h = c(T,F,T,F,T,T), g = c(1.5,2.5,3.7,6.9,4.2,4.6)) df ``` ``` a b h g 1 5 a TRUE 1.5 2 4 b FALSE 2.5 3 8 c TRUE 3.7 4 5 a FALSE 6.9 5 7 a TRUE 4.2 6 2 c TRUE 4.6 ``` --- # Факторы ```r str(df) ``` ``` 'data.frame': 6 obs. of 4 variables: $ a: num 5 4 8 5 7 2 $ b: chr "a" "b" "c" "a" ... $ h: logi TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE TRUE $ g: num 1.5 2.5 3.7 6.9 4.2 4.6 ``` ```r levels(df$b) ``` ``` NULL ``` В read.table() и в data.frame() есть опция *stringsAsFactors = F* --- # Данные - Числовые -- Непрерывные (возраст, вес) -- Дискретные (количество домашних животных) - Категориальные -- Порядковые (имеют иерархию: уровень настроения, оценки) -- Номинальные (не имеют иерархии: цвет глаз, порода собак) --- При всяческих манипуляциях проверяйте, что происходит с данными: <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:black;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> - head(), tail() - dim() - length() - ncol(), nrow() - colnames(), rownames() - str() - unique() - ls() - anyNA() --- # Матрицы - Внешне похожи на data.frame - Вектор с атрибутом dim - Все элементы одного типа - Математические операции работают быстрее --- count: false # Способы создания матрицы .panel1-vec76-user[ ```r *m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) *m1 ``` ] .panel2-vec76-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Способы создания матрицы .panel1-vec76-user[ ```r m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) m1 *m2 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3,byrow=T) *m2 ``` ] .panel2-vec76-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 2 3 [2,] 4 5 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Способы создания матрицы .panel1-vec76-user[ ```r m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) m1 m2 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3,byrow=T) m2 *as.matrix(1:3) ``` ] .panel2-vec76-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 2 3 [2,] 4 5 6 ``` ``` [,1] [1,] 1 [2,] 2 [3,] 3 ``` ] --- count: false # Способы создания матрицы .panel1-vec76-user[ ```r m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) m1 m2 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3,byrow=T) m2 as.matrix(1:3) *v <- 1:6 *dim(v) ``` ] .panel2-vec76-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 2 3 [2,] 4 5 6 ``` ``` [,1] [1,] 1 [2,] 2 [3,] 3 ``` ``` NULL ``` ] --- count: false # Способы создания матрицы .panel1-vec76-user[ ```r m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) m1 m2 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3,byrow=T) m2 as.matrix(1:3) v <- 1:6 dim(v) *dim(v) = c(2,3) *v ``` ] .panel2-vec76-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 2 3 [2,] 4 5 6 ``` ``` [,1] [1,] 1 [2,] 2 [3,] 3 ``` ``` NULL ``` ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Способы создания матрицы .panel1-vec76-user[ ```r m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) m1 m2 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3,byrow=T) m2 as.matrix(1:3) v <- 1:6 dim(v) dim(v) = c(2,3) v *is.matrix(v) ``` ] .panel2-vec76-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 2 3 [2,] 4 5 6 ``` ``` [,1] [1,] 1 [2,] 2 [3,] 3 ``` ``` NULL ``` ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ``` [1] TRUE ``` ] <style> .panel1-vec76-user { color: black; width: 38.6060606060606%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel2-vec76-user { color: black; width: 59.3939393939394%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel3-vec76-user { color: black; width: NA%; hight: 33%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } </style> <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:red;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> --- count: false # Способы создания матрицы .panel1-vec87-user[ ```r *a <- c(1,2,3) *b <- c(4,5,6) ``` ] .panel2-vec87-user[ ] --- count: false # Способы создания матрицы .panel1-vec87-user[ ```r a <- c(1,2,3) b <- c(4,5,6) *rbind(a,b) ``` ] .panel2-vec87-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] a 1 2 3 b 4 5 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Способы создания матрицы .panel1-vec87-user[ ```r a <- c(1,2,3) b <- c(4,5,6) rbind(a,b) *cbind(a,b) ``` ] .panel2-vec87-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] a 1 2 3 b 4 5 6 ``` ``` a b [1,] 1 4 [2,] 2 5 [3,] 3 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Способы создания матрицы .panel1-vec87-user[ ```r a <- c(1,2,3) b <- c(4,5,6) rbind(a,b) cbind(a,b) ``` ] .panel2-vec87-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] a 1 2 3 b 4 5 6 ``` ``` a b [1,] 1 4 [2,] 2 5 [3,] 3 6 ``` ] <style> .panel1-vec87-user { color: black; width: 38.6060606060606%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel2-vec87-user { color: black; width: 59.3939393939394%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel3-vec87-user { color: black; width: NA%; hight: 33%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } </style> <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:red;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> rbind() и cbind() работает и для data.frame --- count: false # Матрицы Срезы .panel1-vec9-user[ ```r *m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) *m1 ``` ] .panel2-vec9-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Матрицы Срезы .panel1-vec9-user[ ```r m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) m1 *m1[2,3] ``` ] .panel2-vec9-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ``` [1] 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Матрицы Срезы .panel1-vec9-user[ ```r m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) m1 m1[2,3] *m1[2,] ``` ] .panel2-vec9-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ``` [1] 6 ``` ``` [1] 2 4 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Матрицы Срезы .panel1-vec9-user[ ```r m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) m1 m1[2,3] m1[2,] *m1[,3] ``` ] .panel2-vec9-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ``` [1] 6 ``` ``` [1] 2 4 6 ``` ``` [1] 5 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Матрицы Срезы .panel1-vec9-user[ ```r m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) m1 m1[2,3] m1[2,] m1[,3] ``` ] .panel2-vec9-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ``` [1] 6 ``` ``` [1] 2 4 6 ``` ``` [1] 5 6 ``` ] <style> .panel1-vec9-user { color: black; width: 38.6060606060606%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel2-vec9-user { color: black; width: 59.3939393939394%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel3-vec9-user { color: black; width: NA%; hight: 33%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } </style> <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:red;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> --- count: false # Матрицы Изменение значений .panel1-vec10-user[ ```r *m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) *m1 ``` ] .panel2-vec10-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Матрицы Изменение значений .panel1-vec10-user[ ```r m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) m1 *m1[2,3] = 9 ``` ] .panel2-vec10-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ] --- count: false # Матрицы Изменение значений .panel1-vec10-user[ ```r m1 <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3) m1 m1[2,3] = 9 *m1 ``` ] .panel2-vec10-user[ ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 9 ``` ] <style> .panel1-vec10-user { color: black; width: 38.6060606060606%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel2-vec10-user { color: black; width: 59.3939393939394%; hight: 32%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } .panel3-vec10-user { color: black; width: NA%; hight: 33%; float: left; padding-left: 1%; font-size: 80% } </style> <svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 576 512" style="height:1em;width:1.12em;vertical-align:-0.125em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-size:inherit;fill:red;overflow:visible;position:relative;"><path d="M575.8 255.5C575.8 273.5 560.8 287.6 543.8 287.6H511.8L512.5 447.7C512.5 450.5 512.3 453.1 512 455.8V472C512 494.1 494.1 512 472 512H456C454.9 512 453.8 511.1 452.7 511.9C451.3 511.1 449.9 512 448.5 512H392C369.9 512 352 494.1 352 472V384C352 366.3 337.7 352 320 352H256C238.3 352 224 366.3 224 384V472C224 494.1 206.1 512 184 512H128.1C126.6 512 125.1 511.9 123.6 511.8C122.4 511.9 121.2 512 120 512H104C81.91 512 64 494.1 64 472V360C64 359.1 64.03 358.1 64.09 357.2V287.6H32.05C14.02 287.6 0 273.5 0 255.5C0 246.5 3.004 238.5 10.01 231.5L266.4 8.016C273.4 1.002 281.4 0 288.4 0C295.4 0 303.4 2.004 309.5 7.014L564.8 231.5C572.8 238.5 576.9 246.5 575.8 255.5L575.8 255.5z"/></svg> --- # Матрицы - Создать пустую матрицу ```r m1 <- matrix(nrow=2, ncol=3) m1 ``` ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] NA NA NA [2,] NA NA NA ``` --- # Матрицы ```r m1 <- matrix(1:6,nrow=2, ncol=3) m1 ``` ``` [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 1 3 5 [2,] 2 4 6 ``` ```r rownames(m1) = c('r1','r2') colnames(m1) = c('c1','c2','c3') m1 ``` ``` c1 c2 c3 r1 1 3 5 r2 2 4 6 ``` Имена строк и столбцов должны быть уникальными!