Практикум 1. Филогенетические деревья

Для построения филогенетического дерева было решено взять таксон Sauropsida. В этой группе выделяют три основные ветви: лепидозавры (гаттерии и чешуйчатые), архозавры (крокодилы и птицы) и черепахи. Были выбраны следующие виды из этого таксона:


Таблица 1. Полная таксономия выбранных животных.
Латинское название рода и вида Таксономия Мнемоника Swiss-Prot
Boa constrictor cellular organisms > Eukaryota (eukaryotes) > Opisthokonta > Metazoa (animals) > Eumetazoa > Bilateria > Deuterostomia > Chordata (chordates) > Craniata > Vertebrata (vertebrates) > Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) > Teleostomi > Euteleostomi (bony vertebrates) > Sarcopterygii > Dipnotetrapodomorpha > Tetrapoda (tetrapods) > Amniota (amniotes) > Sauropsida (sauropsids) > Sauria (diapsids) > Lepidosauria (lizards & snakes) > Squamata (squamates) > Bifurcata (split-tongued squamates) > Unidentata > Episquamata > Toxicofera > Serpentes (snakes) > Henophidia > Boidae (true boas) > Boinae > Boa BOACO
Laticauda colubrina cellular organisms > Eukaryota (eukaryotes) > Opisthokonta > Metazoa (animals) > Eumetazoa > Bilateria > Deuterostomia > Chordata (chordates) > Craniata > Vertebrata (vertebrates) > Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) > Teleostomi > Euteleostomi (bony vertebrates) > Sarcopterygii > Dipnotetrapodomorpha > Tetrapoda (tetrapods) > Amniota (amniotes) > Sauropsida (sauropsids) > Sauria (diapsids) > Lepidosauria (lizards & snakes) > Squamata (squamates) > Bifurcata (split-tongued squamates) > Unidentata > Episquamata > Toxicofera > Serpentes (snakes) > Colubroidea > Elapidae > Laticaudinae > Laticauda LATCO
Caracara plancus cellular organisms > Eukaryota (eukaryotes) > Opisthokonta > Metazoa (animals) > Eumetazoa > Bilateria > Deuterostomia > Chordata (chordates) > Craniata > Vertebrata (vertebrates) > Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) > Teleostomi > Euteleostomi (bony vertebrates) > Sarcopterygii > Dipnotetrapodomorpha > Tetrapoda (tetrapods) > Amniota (amniotes) > Sauropsida (sauropsids) > Sauria (diapsids) > Archelosauria > Archosauria > Dinosauria > Saurischia > Theropoda > Coelurosauria > Aves (birds) > Neognathae > Neoaves > Telluraves (core landbirds) > Australaves > Falconiformes (falcons and others) > Falconidae > Caracara CARPF
Gallus gallus cellular organisms > Eukaryota (eukaryotes) > Opisthokonta > Metazoa (animals) > Eumetazoa > Bilateria > Deuterostomia > Chordata (chordates) > Craniata > Vertebrata (vertebrates) > Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) > Teleostomi > Euteleostomi (bony vertebrates) > Sarcopterygii > Dipnotetrapodomorpha > Tetrapoda (tetrapods) > Amniota (amniotes) > Sauropsida (sauropsids) > Sauria (diapsids) > Archelosauria > Archosauria > Dinosauria > Saurischia > Theropoda > Coelurosauria > Aves (birds) > Neognathae > Galloanserae > Galliformes (landfowls) > Phasianidae (turkeys) > Phasianinae > Gallus CHICK
Gallus lafayettii cellular organisms > Eukaryota (eukaryotes) > Opisthokonta > Metazoa (animals) > Eumetazoa > Bilateria > Deuterostomia > Chordata (chordates) > Craniata > Vertebrata (vertebrates) > Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) > Teleostomi > Euteleostomi (bony vertebrates) > Sarcopterygii > Dipnotetrapodomorpha > Tetrapoda (tetrapods) > Amniota (amniotes) > Sauropsida (sauropsids) > Sauria (diapsids) > Archelosauria > Archosauria > Dinosauria > Saurischia > Theropoda > Coelurosauria > Aves (birds) > Neognathae > Galloanserae > Galliformes (landfowls) > Phasianidae (turkeys) > Phasianinae > Gallus GALLA
Syrmaticus reevesii cellular organisms > Eukaryota (eukaryotes) > Opisthokonta > Metazoa (animals) > Eumetazoa > Bilateria > Deuterostomia > Chordata (chordates) > Craniata > Vertebrata (vertebrates) > Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) > Teleostomi > Euteleostomi (bony vertebrates) > Sarcopterygii > Dipnotetrapodomorpha > Tetrapoda (tetrapods) > Amniota (amniotes) > Sauropsida (sauropsids) > Sauria (diapsids) > Archelosauria > Archosauria > Dinosauria > Saurischia > Theropoda > Coelurosauria > Aves (birds) > Neognathae > Galloanserae > Galliformes (landfowls) > Phasianidae (turkeys) > Phasianinae > Syrmaticus SYRRE
Micrurus fulvius cellular organisms > Eukaryota (eukaryotes) > Opisthokonta > Metazoa (animals) > Eumetazoa > Bilateria > Deuterostomia > Chordata (chordates) > Craniata > Vertebrata (vertebrates) > Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) > Teleostomi > Euteleostomi (bony vertebrates) > Sarcopterygii > Dipnotetrapodomorpha > Tetrapoda (tetrapods) > Amniota (amniotes) > Sauropsida (sauropsids) > Sauria (diapsids) > Lepidosauria (lizards & snakes) > Squamata (squamates) > Bifurcata (split-tongued squamates) > Unidentata > Episquamata > Toxicofera > Serpentes (snakes) > Colubroidea > Elapidae > Elapinae > Micrurus (coral snakes) MICFL
Eryx elegans cellular organisms > Eukaryota (eukaryotes) > Opisthokonta > Metazoa (animals) > Eumetazoa > Bilateria > Deuterostomia > Chordata (chordates) > Craniata > Vertebrata (vertebrates) > Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) > Teleostomi > Euteleostomi (bony vertebrates) > Sarcopterygii > Dipnotetrapodomorpha > Tetrapoda (tetrapods) > Amniota (amniotes) > Sauropsida (sauropsids) > Sauria (diapsids) > Lepidosauria (lizards & snakes) > Squamata (squamates) > Bifurcata (split-tongued squamates) > Unidentata > Episquamata > Toxicofera > Serpentes (snakes) > Henophidia > Boidae (true boas) > Erycinae > Eryx ERYEL
Falco femoralis cellular organisms > Eukaryota (eukaryotes) > Opisthokonta > Metazoa (animals) > Eumetazoa > Bilateria > Deuterostomia > Chordata (chordates) > Craniata > Vertebrata (vertebrates) > Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) > Teleostomi > Euteleostomi (bony vertebrates) > Sarcopterygii > Dipnotetrapodomorpha > Tetrapoda (tetrapods) > Amniota (amniotes) > Sauropsida (sauropsids) > Sauria (diapsids) > Archelosauria > Archosauria > Dinosauria > Saurischia > Theropoda > Coelurosauria > Aves (birds) > Neognathae > Neoaves > Telluraves (core landbirds) > Australaves > Falconiformes (falcons and others) > Falconidae > Falco (falcons) FALFE
Falco sparverius cellular organisms > Eukaryota (eukaryotes) > Opisthokonta > Metazoa (animals) > Eumetazoa > Bilateria > Deuterostomia > Chordata (chordates) > Craniata > Vertebrata (vertebrates) > Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) > Teleostomi > Euteleostomi (bony vertebrates) > Sarcopterygii > Dipnotetrapodomorpha > Tetrapoda (tetrapods) > Amniota (amniotes) > Sauropsida (sauropsids) > Sauria (diapsids) > Archelosauria > Archosauria > Dinosauria > Saurischia > Theropoda > Coelurosauria > Aves (birds) > Neognathae > Neoaves > Telluraves (core landbirds) > Australaves > Falconiformes (falcons and others) > Falconidae > Falco (falcons) FALSP

Скобочная формула дерева в формате Newick: (((BOACO,ERYEL),(LATCO,MICFL)),((SYRRE,(CHICK,GALLA)),(CARPF,(FALSP,FALFE))));

Филогенетическое дерево этих организмов изображено на рис. 1.

Картинка
Рисунок 1. Филогенетическое дерево исследуемых организмов.